Ubuntu 20.04 对应的 MySQL 版本是 8.0，如果要安装 5.7 版本，有以下三种安装方式：

  • 下载 MySQL 二进制压缩包，解压并设置相关的参数即可运行。
  • 通过命令 apt install 进行安装，先下载 MySQL 5.7 对应的源，然后执行安装命令 apt install mysql-server=5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04 。
  • 通过命令 dpkg -i 的方式安装，下载 MySQL 5.7 对应的 deb 文件，然后执行安装命令即可。

这里只说明第三种方式的安装过程，即通过命令 dpkg -i 的方式。具体步骤如下：

下载

从 MySQL 官网 下载文件 mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar ：

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wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar

解压

将下载好的文件解压到相应的目录，这里是解压到目录 /mnt/d/opt/mysql-deb ：

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tar xvf mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar -C /mnt/d/opt/mysql-deb

进入解压后的目录 cd /mnt/d/opt/mysql-deb，解压后的文件如下：

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➜  mysql-deb ll
total 153M
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2.1M Nov 30  2021 libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1.6M Nov 30  2021 libmysqlclient20_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  19M Nov 30  2021 libmysqld-dev_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  69K Nov 30  2021 mysql-client_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  72K Nov 30  2021 mysql-common_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  14M Nov 30  2021 mysql-community-client_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  35M Nov 30  2021 mysql-community-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  51M Nov 30  2021 mysql-community-source_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  32M Nov 30  2021 mysql-community-test_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  69K Nov 30  2021 mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  69K Nov 30  2021 mysql-testsuite_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb

NOTE：如果不需要安装测试相关的包，可以删除其中两个带 test 名称的 deb 文件：

  • mysql-community-test_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
  • mysql-testsuite_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb

删除命令：

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rm -f mysql-community-test_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb mysql-testsuite_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb

安装

进入目录 /mnt/d/opt/mysql-deb ，执行 dpkg -i mysql-*.deb 命令，开始安装 MySQL：

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dpkg -i mysql-*.deb

如果安装过程中，缺少相关依赖包，会导致安装失败。

如以下提示未安装依赖包 libtinfo5 ，libmecab2：

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➜  mysql-deb dpkg -i mysql-*.deb
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client.
(Reading database ... 49086 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack mysql-client_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
Preparing to unpack mysql-common_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-client.
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-server.
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-server (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-source.
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-source_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-source (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Preparing to unpack mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-community-client:
 mysql-community-client depends on libtinfo5 (>= 6); however:
  **Package libtinfo5 is not installed.**

dpkg: error processing package mysql-community-client (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-community-server:
 mysql-community-server depends on libmecab2; however:
  **Package libmecab2 is not installed.**

dpkg: error processing package mysql-community-server (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up mysql-community-source (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server:
 mysql-server depends on mysql-community-server (= 5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04); however:
  Package mysql-community-server is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-server (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-client:
 mysql-client depends on mysql-community-client (= 5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04); however:
  Package mysql-community-client is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-client (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.15) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mysql-community-client
 mysql-community-server
 mysql-server
 mysql-client

解决办法是通过命令 apt install 把相关缺失的包装上即可，如：

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apt install libtinfo5 libmecab2

之后再重新执行 dpkg -i mysql-*.deb 命令，安装过程中，会提示让你输入 root 用户密码。

启动 MySQL

1、使用 service 启动：

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service mysql start

2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动：

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/etc/init.d/mysql start

3、使用 safe_mysqld 启动：

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safe_mysql&

停止 MySQL

1、使用 service 启动：

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service mysql stop

2、使用 mysqld 脚本启动：

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/etc/init.d/mysql stop

重启 MySQL

使用 service 启动：

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service mysql restart

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