本文基于 7.1.0 版本的 Elasticsearch 演示如何给已有的索引添加新字段，并对比添加新字段前后的数据情况。（以下 API 调用均在 Kibana 开发工具上操作）
创建索引 user_info_v220101：
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| PUT user_info_v220101
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"user_id": {
"type": "integer"
},
"phone": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"create_time": {
"type": "date",
"format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
}
}
}
}
|
插入一条数据：
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| PUT user_info_v220101/_doc/2022001
{
"user_id": 2022001,
"phone": "17700009999",
"create_time": "2022-08-12 12:21:32"
}
|
查询索引数据：
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| GET user_info_v220101/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
|
该查询返回结果如下：
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| {
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "user_info_v220101",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2022001",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"user_id" : 2022001,
"phone" : "17700009999",
"create_time" : "2022-08-12 12:21:32"
}
}
]
}
}
|
查询该索引 Mapping：
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| GET user_info_v220101/_mapping
|
返回结果如下：
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| {
"user_info_v220101" : {
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"create_time" : {
"type" : "date",
"format" : "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
},
"phone" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"user_id" : {
"type" : "integer"
}
}
}
}
}
|
查询索引 settings：
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| GET user_info_v220101/_settings
|
返回结果如下：
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| {
"user_info_v220101" : {
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"refresh_interval" : "60s",
"number_of_shards" : "3",
"translog" : {
"flush_threshold_size" : "2gb",
"sync_interval" : "100s",
"durability" : "async"
},
"provided_name" : "user_info_v220101",
"merge" : {
"policy" : {
"max_merged_segment" : "1000mb"
}
},
"creation_date" : "1661421690275",
"number_of_replicas" : "1",
"uuid" : "UMFTwtCqTPaFJPacH6zSRg",
"version" : {
"created" : "7010099"
}
}
}
}
}
|
给索引添加字段（user_type_id, user_type_name）：
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| GET user_info_v220101/_mapping
{
"properties": {
"user_type_id": {
"type": "integer"
},
"user_type_name": {
"type": "keyword"
}
}
}
|
重新查询索引 Mapping：
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| GET user_info_v220101/_mapping
|
返回结果如下：
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|
{
"user_info_v220101" : {
"mappings" : {
"properties" : {
"create_time" : {
"type" : "date",
"format" : "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
},
"phone" : {
"type" : "keyword"
},
"user_id" : {
"type" : "integer"
},
"user_type_id" : {
"type" : "integer"
},
"user_type_name" : {
"type" : "keyword"
}
}
}
}
}
|
可以看到，字段 user_type_id, user_type_name 已成功添加。
重新查询索引数据，返回结果如下，已有的文档没有新增的字段：
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| {
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "user_info_v220101",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2022001",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"user_id" : 2022001,
"phone" : "17700009999",
"create_time" : "2022-08-12 12:21:32"
}
}
]
}
}
|
插入一条新数据：
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| PUT user_info_v220101/_doc/2022002
{
"user_id": 2022002,
"phone": "17612345678",
"create_time": "2022-08-13 22:54:09",
"user_type_id": 2,
"user_type_name": "SVIP"
}
|
查询索引数据，结果如下：
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| {
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 3,
"successful" : 3,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "user_info_v220101",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2022002",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"user_id" : 2022002,
"phone" : "17612345678",
"create_time" : "2022-08-13 22:54:09",
"user_type_id" : 2,
"user_type_name" : "SVIP"
}
},
{
"_index" : "user_info_v220101",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2022001",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"user_id" : 2022001,
"phone" : "17700009999",
"create_time" : "2022-08-12 12:21:32"
}
}
]
}
}
|
给索引添加已经存在字段（user_type_id, user_type_name）：
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| GET user_info_v220101/_mapping
{
"properties": {
"user_type_id": {
"type": "integer"
},
"user_type_name": {
"type": "keyword"
}
}
}
|
返回结果仍为：
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| {
"acknowledged" : true
}
|
并不会提示错误。
小结
- 给索引添加新字段，原来的文档记录不会自动加上新增的字段；
- 给索引添加已经存在的字段时，并不会出错。
（END）
