本文基于 7.1.0 版本的 Elasticsearch 演示如何给已有的索引添加新字段，并对比添加新字段前后的数据情况。（以下 API 调用均在 Kibana 开发工具上操作）

创建索引 user_info_v220101：

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PUT user_info_v220101 
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "user_id": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "phone": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "create_time": {
        "type": "date",
        "format": "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
      }
    }
  }
}

插入一条数据：

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PUT user_info_v220101/_doc/2022001
{
  "user_id": 2022001,
  "phone": "17700009999",
  "create_time": "2022-08-12 12:21:32"
}

查询索引数据：

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GET user_info_v220101/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

该查询返回结果如下：

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{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user_info_v220101",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2022001",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "user_id" : 2022001,
          "phone" : "17700009999",
          "create_time" : "2022-08-12 12:21:32"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

查询该索引 Mapping：

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GET user_info_v220101/_mapping

返回结果如下：

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{
  "user_info_v220101" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "create_time" : {
          "type" : "date",
          "format" : "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
        },
        "phone" : {
          "type" : "keyword"
        },
        "user_id" : {
          "type" : "integer"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

查询索引 settings：

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GET user_info_v220101/_settings

返回结果如下：

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{
  "user_info_v220101" : {
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "refresh_interval" : "60s",
        "number_of_shards" : "3",
        "translog" : {
          "flush_threshold_size" : "2gb",
          "sync_interval" : "100s",
          "durability" : "async"
        },
        "provided_name" : "user_info_v220101",
        "merge" : {
          "policy" : {
            "max_merged_segment" : "1000mb"
          }
        },
        "creation_date" : "1661421690275",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "UMFTwtCqTPaFJPacH6zSRg",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "7010099"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

给索引添加字段（user_type_id, user_type_name）：

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GET user_info_v220101/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
      "user_type_id": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "user_type_name": {
        "type": "keyword"
      }
  }
}

重新查询索引 Mapping：

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GET user_info_v220101/_mapping

返回结果如下：

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{
  "user_info_v220101" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "create_time" : {
          "type" : "date",
          "format" : "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy-MM-dd||epoch_millis"
        },
        "phone" : {
          "type" : "keyword"
        },
        "user_id" : {
          "type" : "integer"
        },
        "user_type_id" : {
          "type" : "integer"
        },
        "user_type_name" : {
          "type" : "keyword"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

可以看到，字段 user_type_id, user_type_name 已成功添加。

重新查询索引数据，返回结果如下，已有的文档没有新增的字段：

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{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user_info_v220101",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2022001",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "user_id" : 2022001,
          "phone" : "17700009999",
          "create_time" : "2022-08-12 12:21:32"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

插入一条新数据：

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PUT user_info_v220101/_doc/2022002
{
  "user_id": 2022002,
  "phone": "17612345678",
  "create_time": "2022-08-13 22:54:09",
  "user_type_id": 2,
  "user_type_name": "SVIP"
}

查询索引数据，结果如下：

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{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "user_info_v220101",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2022002",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "user_id" : 2022002,
          "phone" : "17612345678",
          "create_time" : "2022-08-13 22:54:09",
          "user_type_id" : 2,
          "user_type_name" : "SVIP"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "user_info_v220101",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2022001",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "user_id" : 2022001,
          "phone" : "17700009999",
          "create_time" : "2022-08-12 12:21:32"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

给索引添加已经存在字段（user_type_id, user_type_name）：

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GET user_info_v220101/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
      "user_type_id": {
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "user_type_name": {
        "type": "keyword"
      }
  }
}

返回结果仍为：

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{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

并不会提示错误。

小结

  • 给索引添加新字段，原来的文档记录不会自动加上新增的字段；
  • 给索引添加已经存在的字段时，并不会出错。

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